Analysis of Arabian Nights

ARABIAN NIGHTS SYNOPSIS In Baghdad there was a Sultan named Shahryar who had gone mad because he accidentally killed his wife who was unfaithful to him for he had an affair with the Sultan’s brother, Schahzenan. He gone mad because he thought that every women wanted to kill him and for that he requests to bring a harem girl to marry and be killed the next day. A clever woman named Scheherazade decide to marry the Sultan in order to prevent his madness. With the help of a storyteller she tells the him a story every night and stopping every dawn with a cliffhanger and refuse to continue until its night time again.This prevents the Sultan to kill Scheherazade and the stories she was telling has lessons and will cure the madness of the Sultan. The stories she had told were Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves, The Tale of the Poor Hunchback, Aladdin and the Magic Lamp, The Sultan and the Beggar and The Three Princes. When Schahzenan heard about the Sultan’s madness and thought of it as his weakness, he took advantage of it. He formed an army to battle with him in getting the throne but he failed because Sultan Shahryar was cured by Scheherazade with her stories.The Sultan fell in love with her and because of the morals of her stories they defeated the army. At the end, Scheherazade was telling the whole story to her children. ANALYSIS 1. Give three traditional, cultural and customary practices shown in the movie. Explain its significance. A. The remarriage of the Sultan after the death of his wife or to pass the throne to a sibling. This can be considered a tradition because this practice has been done a long time ago. Almost all royal families do this. This is an important tradition because this speaks of loyalty and sincerity of the king or the sultan to his position.Marrying again shows that he is dedicated to his position that he does not let his emotions conquer him. That even he is grieving to the death of his former wife; he doesn’t mind it be cause what more important is his people and not his own self and own happiness. He is not willing to give up the throne because he knew it might affect his people and their daily lives. When the leader changes, adjustment of the people becomes difficult. Many would not agree and many will be against it. A good leader knows this well that is why he gives good decisions. B. The performance of an exotic dance to celebrate a victory.This is a cultural practice for this shows the culture of a certain group. In the movie, in the part about Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves, Morgiana, the love of Ali Baba performed a dance in celebration of their victory. It is a victory for defeating the enemies. This is significant because this presents the true picture of a group. It shows what the group is, what do they do and how they make-known their culture. It is therefore important because this will be the way that they can be recognized and appreciated. That they can show to all that they also posse ss a rich culture.In just a simple dance number, every movement, the music, the steps, the costume and the emotions talks about something, it talks about a story which is about them and their tradition. C. The offering of a dowry in asking a princess for marriage. This is a very known practice ever since for in ancient stories every man who wants to marry should offer something special and costly to the woman and the family. This is also considered important because this shows respect and assurance to the future of the couple. This just represent that the family of the woman can be at peace that they can give their child to a trustworthy man.And this is also important because this gives a man the opportunity to present himself and prove to be a gentleman. 2. Give three to five representations of human character and how these human nature shown in the movie. A. Courageous Courage is the ability to face difficulty and this trait is possessed by Scheherazade. She was willing to risk he r life just to save her fellow women from the mad Sultan. Even she was a little nervous of what she had decided, she face the challenge with great courage and bravery, letting her fate decide what will happen to her as long as she pursue her plan.B. Wise This trait is possessed by Aladdin when he snatched the lamp from Mustappa. He used his skills and took it as an opportunity to bring back the lamp to his owner, himself. Even pick-pocketing is a bad habit, he still used it in a useful and good reason. He did it because he knew, Mustappa has evil plans for it. C. Oppurtunistic This negative trait is possessed by Sultan Harun Al-Rashid when he always plays a prank with the beggar, Amin. He took advantage of Amin because he thinks he is weak and that he could have fun using him.But at the end, because of his bad trait, he faced his consequence and that is to be killed by the person he belittled before. D. Loving This is presented by the three princes, they showed how much they love th eir father even at first, they always compete and quarrel. Even they always do this, their reason is always, they love their father and they will do anything for him. When they were requested to bring back a special thing to their father, they exerted effort and time just to have it. And also because of the love they have for their parent, the three of them learn to rule the kingdom with peace and harmony.E. Pessimistic Sultan Shahryar is pessimistic. This was shown when he was betrayed by his wife. Because of this experience, he blinded himself that all women are trying to kill him. He generalize that women has bad intentions against him. He did not try to see the brighter side of life, that what had happened to him has a purpose and reason, instead he let himself sink to his emotions and this had conquered his mind that is why he became mad. 3. Give three universal truths drawn from the movie and its application to personal experience. A. No man is an island.Even if how strong a p erson is, how brave he is and how unbreakable he is, he might not admit it, but he still needs a shoulder and a hand for support. I am not this kind of person but I think this is one lesson that might get from the story. I observe this with others, who shows the world they do not need help but when problems come they hopelessly aiming for it. Nobody survives alone, everyone needs somebody because as I can see, you cannot talk, cry, laugh and tap yourself. It’s much better to see someone who are happy when you are happy and wipes your tears when in pain.For short, it’s best when you have true friends. B. People who do bad things suffer the consequence of their action in the end. I always believe in this line because every action done has a corresponding consequence, may it be good or bad, it always depends on the former action. In my experience, what I did was, I didn’t ask permission that I’ll accompany my cousin at the park. We went there and played in à ¢â‚¬Å"monkey bars†. Unfortunately, I fell and broke my bone in the arm. And I really put this lesson in my mind. I also saw this in people who engaged in bad activities like pick-pocketing.They might benefit in that act but the so called karma, it might not strike them, instead their loved ones suffer for them. C. Everything happens for a purpose. This lesson may be applied in every situation and in any kinds of problems. Whatever happens, there is always a reason, we may not see it easily but as time passes by, we tend to realize why it had happened. Many problems come and sometimes we fail, but we should be open minded and realize that bad things happen because it will be exchanged with much of happiness. BEST PART OF THE MOVIEFor me, the best part of the movie is when Scheherazade conducted her plan to save the women and to rescue the Sultan from madness. In the time that she told the Sultan stories in order for him to heal. I like this because it showed â€Å"girl-powerâ € . It showed that even a long time ago, women had also out win men. That in a simple act, she had changed a very big thing. In this part, it showed that women are wise and courageous. I am very pleased and as I see it, I can’t resist feeling very proud of her and us, her fellow women. It showed that we can also be strong, that we can also stand and conquer something.It can be respect, power and appreciation of others. It’s brings me to an inspiration that I can also be like her, to have the courage to face difficulties. RECOMMENDATIONS 1. When watching the movie, the viewer should listen and take notes of the lines being uttered by the characters. This is because, these lines give inspiring thought to its viewers and it can be applied to some situations in each lives. 2. When watching, try to see yourself in the situation or in the characters because there is reality in their every action. There is truth in what they are doing because it can happen in a person in c ertainty.

Rise and Fall of Civilizations

Chanelle Samuel The Inevitable Progression of Complex Societies Ancient civilizations and the civilizations of today all share a commonality. That commonality is that all civilizations seem to go through this pattern of rise and fall. The civilization will grow, prosper, accumulate wealth and power, but eventually due to a variety of factors including natural disasters, economic decline, invasion, and so on, the civilization will slowly lose power and land and relinquish any sort of ties that once held them together.This is clearly evident in most civilizations, and the civilizations that it is not clearly evident in are those that can technically be called civilizations today. But since they are still civilizations of today, the cycle or rise and fall may not be completer yet. This rise and fall of civilizations is an inevitable process that continues to be a factor in today’s world. For the purpose of this essay I would like to clarify the definitions of terms that I will be using.The first is the term rise and fall. I clarify rise to be when a group of people gains power over their geography and environment, are unified in some way, and have the ability to not only sustain their power but have the potential to expand that power and influence outwards. Fall will be defined as when a group of people have no potential to expand, are losing their sustained power, and when there is no chance for them to rise again.A harder term to define is that of civilization, but for the purpose of this essay civilization will be defined as occupying a geographical area, the defining feature of how that civilization responds to the challenges from their location, maintain a social organization (that may change over time), a common religion, a form of communication, and an economic system (that changes over time). So form this point onwards these are the meanings of the terms I will be using. Form the beginnings of time humans have aggregated together, and lived within f amily groupings.These groupings at the beginning were very small, usually only containing of one family. But as humans began to learn, with the innovations of new tools and ideas were formed, as well as the ability to travel in larger numbers emerged. These were known as the hunter-gatherer civilizations. They were nomads who continually migrated in search of food resources with the changing of the seasons. From natural progression some of these peoples evolved to stay in one area and cultivate crops that beforehand they had mostly gathered. They began to domesticate regional plants and animals found in the area.This transfer from nomadic peoples to agricultural settlements was the first real implications of a true civilization. One of the first agricultural settlements that expanded and became a prosperous civilization was that of the Indus River Valley in present day Pakistan and India. It was built on the floodplains of the Indus and Saraswati Rivers, which created a problem as l eaders would have to deal with environmental factors such as intense flooding during the rainy season. The civilization was at its height from twenty-six hundred to nineteen hundred B.C. E. , and contained as many as five million people. Its economy was based heavily on trade which they prospered from due to their valuable commodities of ivory, cotton, hardwoods, and precious stones. They also had a unified culture, art and script. As I have outlined here the Indus River Valley clearly meets the criteria of a civilization. Although the historical evidence for this society is scarce as we cannot interpret their script, it is clear that this society expanded and flourished with the help of an extensive trade network and a fortified city.This would constitute the civilizations rise to power and extension of that power from trade alliances. This led to the height of the civilization which was showcased with the societies planned streets, with complicated plumbing, bath houses, and assem bly halls. But by eighteen hundred B. C. E. the civilization began to collapse. The most likely reason for the collapse was due to environmental factors including constant river flooding which could be due to increasing temperatures that caused the Himalayan glaciers to increase water in the rivers.This then affected their ability to cultivate crops and had an impact on sustaining high population numbers and the effectiveness of trade. There also may have been earthquakes which changed the landscape and may have altered the course of the rivers. The Indus river Valley clearly follows the rise and fall cycle of civilizations. It came to prominence beside the Indus River and based its agriculture on the fertile flood plains of the river. It grew in power and influence as the wealth of commodities they held were traded with neighbouring peoples.But environmental factors caused strain on the civilization that over time they were not able to solve or cope with which led to the eventual d ecline and fall of this once thriving civilization. Another example of civilizations that followed the same course were the shorted-lived civilizations of West Africa. These civilizations prospered in sub-Saharan Africa around the Senegal and Niger Rivers. The first civilization to rise there was that of Ancient Ghana. It developed around the fourth and fifth century C. E. from nomadic peoples known as the Soninke banding together for protection.They rose to power as the kings of Ghana maintained a monopoly on the trade of gold. They were in a key location which contained some of the largest gold resources of that time, and as civilizations in the Mediterranean based their currency on gold, it was in high demand. This caused Ghana to rely heavily on trade for their economy, as Arabs from Northern Africa crossed the Saharan desert to bring goods from elsewhere and trade for gold and salt. But Ghana began to weaken in power as the trade routes shifted further east and also lost its tr ading monopoly on gold.In addition other peoples envied Ghana’s wealth and pressured Ghana with attacks that further weakened the empire. Soon after, Ancient Ghana was overtaken and swallowed into the Mali Empire, which had the same characteristics of the Ghana Empire. It also relied heavily on trade and especially that of gold and salt. And similar to Ghana the Mali Empire slowly weakened and another empire the Songhay Empire exerted influenced and encompassed Mali into their empire. The West African civilizations are characterized by short periods of power, and eventual decline and take over by another society.That is why some people and I believe that those three civilizations can really be considered as one larger civilization. When taken as one civilization, you can think of Ghana and Mali and Songhay as three peaks of this one larger civilization, but as Songhay began to lose control of the trade routes another rising power from around todays Morocco caused the final fa ll of the West African civilization. West Africa fits in as a civilization by having common language roots of the Mande and Arabic, as well as a tolerant religion of a mixture of Islam and polytheism.They were located in western sub-Saharan Africa and maintained a heavy reliance on trade for their economies. But since they relied so heavily on the trade routes through the Saharan desserts once they lost control of those routes, they eventually diminished in power, and were invaded by other powers. The third civilization I would like to discuss is the Mayan Civilization. Its geographic location encompasses todays Guatemala, El Salvador, and Mexico. It was established in one hundred C. E. in an inhospitable landscape.The culture was undoubtedly polytheistic as there were enormous amounts of natural disasters in this area which could be why a lot of their gods are angry and vengeful gods. Their economy was based on trading with the peoples of the north. They also established religious centers and the formation of city-states. Mayan society was very advanced but all technological innovations pertained to religion and appeasement of their gods. They had a unified written script which allowed them to communicate. The height of Mayan civilization was in three hundred C.E. and was followed by a period of decline. There are many factors that caused the decline of the Mayan civilization. Firstly, environmental factors played a large role as a period of drought commenced after many successful rainy seasons which lead to huge increases in the population. So when the drought hit and crops began to fail, there just wasn’t enough food to support such a large population. They also used slash and burn agriculture which only supports crops for a short period of time before that same land becomes arid and unusable.Also the arrival of the Spanish in Peru lead to the spread of epidemic diseases that the Mayans had no immunity for including small pox, measles, and chicken po x. Internal rivalries were also present which caused conflict and instability within the society. The Spanish also conquered territory and with their superior weapons and military they were able to defeat the Mayans. At the height of Mayan Civilization it is obvious that this civilization was strong and very advanced. But, like the other civilizations a variety of factors came about that lead to the decline and further more fall of the Mayan Civilization.However there are still people of Mayan descent that I do believe protect the language and customs, but Mayan civilization no longer has its own economic base or power and influence over other peoples or on the environment. And lastly, I would like to look at Roman Civilization. The Roman Empire was founded in eight century B. C. E. , and was originally a small city-state ruled by a single king. However, in five hundred and nine B. C. E. the city’s aristocrats deposed the king and instituted a republic. When the republican co nstitution was in place, Roman civilization really began to rise in prominence.Between the fourth and second centuries B. C. E. , the people of Rome transformed their city from a small vulnerable city-state to the center of an enormous empire. In early Rome, polytheism was common, which was their belief in many Roman gods, but as they conquered lands new religions were brought into the empire including Judaism and Christianity. They consolidated their power in the Italian peninsula, and expanded outwards to conquer lands. They absorbed the land they conquered and allowed those peoples to govern their own internal affairs, and if they wanted, to gain Roman citizenship.This expansion brought wealth and power to Rome, but also increased class tensions where the disparity between the poor and the wealthy, and also administering to all the conquered lands began to strain resources. The Roman Empire was based on trade, and since they had such a large territory there was a lot of specializ ation that allowed them to trade in many goods. But with the over reach of the Roman Empire and the strain on resources, the Roman Empire was just too large to control and maintain. Internal tensions and attacks from outsiders also led to the fall of Rome.I have just outlined four cases that come from completely different areas of the world in which civilizations have risen, reached some sort of peak, and then declined and eventually diminished altogether. There are many more examples of civilizations throughout history that have also followed this pattern, but does outlining the instances in which these civilizations became established and then subsequent fall really explains why rise and fall is inevitable in all civilizations? I do not believe it explains the inevitability part that I have mentioned.I think in order to really understand why civilizations are bound to repeat this process lies within the human psyche. Humans are essentially the most complex species on the planet. I t is our brain and the ability to make tools that sets us apart from all other species and has allowed us to grow and develop in the way that we have. But humans also have another side which is not as bright. It is our consumerism, greed, and the belief that our species is the superior species and therefore we have the right to do what we will.This belief in superiority and greed has led to an evolution where we do not take into account the environment and the land that gives us sustenance and the ability to breathe clean air. This dominance over the environment and superiority has directed many civilizations to their downfall due to overconfidence, overextension of their power, and overharvesting of their resources. An example I have already spoken about is Rome. The need to conquer more land, and their greed in gaining wealth and power by taking other’s resources only amounted in weakening the empire to a state that left them vulnerable to invasion and collapse.In Mesoameri ca civilizations like the Mayans, used the slash and burn technique in agriculture which had devastating effects on the land. The destruction of forests for agricultural land releases a large amount of stored carbon that will all be released in the atmosphere. It also extinguishes nutrient cycling by creating crop land since no decomposition of organic matters occur, the soils then become very poor and arid and makes way for soil erosion, and can also lead to desertification. The biosphere actually has a carrying capacity for each environment.A carrying capacity is the amount of individuals that can live off the environment in a certain area. Once that plateau is reached there will be no more food, water, or shelter for those excess people. The earth cannot just contain an infinite amount of organisms. It has a limit to the amount it can supply. Once that plateau is hit there is no possibility of growth or extension of power and influence unless people find a way to live sustainably . The progression of civilizations will not overcome the rise and fall course of development unless humans make a shift in their thought processes.As presented in this essay the evidence of rise and fall within a civilization is sound. From past civilizations the overexpansion, internal dissent, invasion, or environmental factors have been the cause of decline in all those civilizations. In the civilizations that still exist today; the human beliefs are still the same. There is still this want to expand, to exhibit a greater power or influence over others, and to gain in wealth. This consumer way of life is the mindset that leads to declines of civilizations. The exploitation of the environment including agriculture, fishing, metals, oil, nd logging is causing a degradation of the environment and could lead to the collapse of the last remaining civilizations. Unless there is a switch to sustainable living in which the environment can recuperate and replenish, there will be nothing l eft to consume and nothing left to form the basis of today’s global economic society. Therefore all civilizations need to live and grow with the thought that natural resources are not infinite but in fact are running out very fast. If humans continue to live as greed-filled, corporation based unsustainable societies then it is inevitable that they will all fall.

Mcp Proposal - 1292 Words

The State of Maine Department of Public Safety through the Maine Justice Assistance Council seeks proposals from eligible applicants for grant projects under the STOP (Services †¢ Training †¢ Officers †¢ Prosecutors) Violence Against Women Formula Grant Program (STOP Program) to support Maine communities in their efforts to develop and strengthen effective law enforcement and prosecution strategies to respond to violent crimes against women and to develop and strengthen victim services in cases involving violent crimes against women. Violence against women crimes includes sexual assault, domestic violence, dating violence and stalking. Eligible applicants are state and units oflocal government; Indian tribal govemments; courts, tribal courts†¦show more content†¦Administered through Maine Department of Public Safety, the STOP Program supports communities in their efforts to develop and strengthen effective law enforcement and prosecution strategies to combat v iolent crimes against women and to develop and strengthen victim services in cases involving violent crimes against women. Violence against women crimes includes sexual assault, domestic violence, dating violence and stalking. This docmnent provides instructions for submitting proposals, the procedure and criteria by which the Provider(s) will be selected, and the contractual terms which will govern the relationship between the State of Maine (State) and the awarded Bidder(s). The STOP Program promotes a coordinated, multidisciplinary approach to enhancing advocacy and improving the criminal justice systems response to violent crimes against women. It encourages the development and improvement of effective law enforcement and prosecution strategies to address violent crimes against women and the development and improvement of advocacy and services in cases involving violent crimes against women. The Maine Department of Public Safety has been the state administrative agency (SAA) for the U. S. Dept. of Justice, Office on Violence Against Women STOP Violence Against Women Formula Grant Program since 1995. 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Should Those Opposed For Immunization Conform For The...

Should those opposed to immunization conform for the safety as a nation? I will discuss the controversial debate of those who are for and against immunization, the extent of the issue of those affected, and supported evidence in strengthening my position for immunization. By proving the negative accusations immunizations has received creating a pandemic, as opposing parents fear their child is at risk refusing immunization and putting other children in danger. Exposing unvaccinated children in public schools increases the chances of spreading an outbreak. According to a 2015 article found on Why I Choose.org by the California Immunization Coalition states an unvaccinated person infected can become a threat to others (Why I Choose, 2015). This increases the chance of being exposed to life threatening diseases, by those who refuse immunization. The government should enforce any federal or state funding programs such as: public schools, charter schools, preschools, summer programs etc. to receive the necessary immunizations to prevent an out break and create stability of a safe environment. Immunizations protect children from dangerous diseases, which include: diphtheria, meningitis, tetanus, polio, measles, and the whooping cough (Vaccines, 2015). The controversial debate arose in 1998 concerning a link between the MMR (measles, mumps, and rubella) vaccine and autism by Andrew Wakefield. However, his claims and theories on the matter has been discredited due to hisShow MoreRelatedAge Discrimination and Mandatory Retirement3100 Words   |  13 PagesAge Discrimination and Mandatory Retirement - Joyce Cook The mandatory retirement age controversy should be re-examined and redefined further. Baby boomers are very different from their predecessors; they are living longer, maintain lifestyles that are more active and are generally better able to continue working than in the past. The real challenge is the reality of how the insufficient number of young people will fill the vacancies left by the aging workforce. Mandatory retirement mayRead MoreNursing Essay41677 Words   |  167 Pagesregard for appropriate balance. This study was supported by Contract No. 65815 between the National Academy of Sciences and the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the view of the organizations or agencies that provided support for this project. International Standard Book Number 0-309-XXXXX-X (Book) International Standard Book Number 0-309- XXXXX -X (PDF) LibraryRead MoreHsm 542 Week 12 Discussion Essay45410 Words   |  182 Pagesexplaining as an intentional tort behavior or action. With this being a physical harm to another person this is not just a assault but also an poor moral judgement call on that person or persons within the health care or any. When coming to employees this should not be push under the rug but an annally workshop or professional class that all employees take to insure what intentioanl tort is and how to report it if is is taking place . | | | | | RE: Hello | Gina Billups | 3/7/2013 8:30:01 PM |

Analyzing Paul Harvey s Speech And Delivery - 1505 Words

So God Made a Farmer â€Å"So God made a farmer† (Harvey). This famous phrase was originally spoken by a famous radio personality Paul Harvey, and last year was heard by many on the night of the 2013 Super Bowl in a Rams truck commercial. It is impressive that a speech that was originally written and spoken in 1978, reached out to an audience in today’s age and is still relevant to people with many different backgrounds. In this essay, I am going to analyze Paul Harvey’s speech and delivery by discussing what rhetorical strategies he used and why these tactics worked, and finally how the speech could have been improved. If anyone knew Paul Harvey, you could tell by his voice that he was a down to earth kind of man. He always spoke softly and with great eloquence. It was just a part of his personality. When delivering this speech, Paul was no different. He connected with the audience members and enhanced his appeals to ethos and pathos just through his language choices and tone. The speech contains anecdote after anecdote, which strengthens the rhetorical devices that make the speech’s message effective. Paul uses ethos to build up the character of the farmer and pathos to emotionally relate the farmer to each member of the audience. These tactics greatly impact Harvey’s speech. The main rhetorical device that is used through out the speech, â€Å"So God Made a Farmer† is ethos. In the context of this speech the device is not used in its traditional style. Normally, a rhetoricShow MoreRelatedsecrets of body language11913 Words   |  48 Pagesï » ¿SECRETS  OF  BODY  LANGUAGE A walk to convey power. A greeting that gets the upper hand. A gesture that can hide a lie. Body language can betray us. When a president s under pressure. Or celebrities in the media glare. Look beyond the words. Their body language says it all. It s a sudden poise. Self-touch gesture. Hot spots. Microexpressions. 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Bresson Director Critique free essay sample

Robert Bresson Directing Critique Over the past two weeks we have watched two films directed by Robert Bresson. In both films it was brought to my attention the Bressons technique eliminates the idea of beauty shots. He doesnt use fancy effects or make up for the actors. They are simple and plain both in A Man Escaped and Pickpocket. Bresson doesnt use dramatic zooms to draw attention. I felt that Bresson was looking to create more of a reality, and I find this admirable. Many directors prefer to use fancy effects feeling as though that will enhance the film. He wanted to enhance his film with the script as pposed to effects. However, what confused me was when Bresson tried to make it seem as though his characters were thinking in their own head. I sometimes would be unsure if he wanted the characters to seem as though they were going crazy or if he Just simply wanted to expose them thinking in their own minds. We will write a custom essay sample on Bresson Director Critique or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page For A Man Escaped, I felt that he successfully portrayed the suspense in a Jailbreak. Though the film was confined to the one area of the Jail cell mainly, he still incorporated minor details without major effects. He used minor and simple shots of plates being pushed n an out of the cell to create a suspenseful effect. This film also exposed Bressons love for showing a person under despair. I found a theme in both films that he does not focus on the success of his characters, but more on how they withstand the situations they are stuck in. This is seen in Pickpocket. The entire film is based off his life of thievery and his struggles with Jeanne. Michel ends up in Jail anyway realizing he is in love with Jeanne. We are left with Michel facing yet another struggle. He did not successfully steal, but instead was caught and stuck in Jail in love with a woman n the other side of the Jail bars. This continues his theme of despair that he uses in his films. As a viewer I felt bad for him and I felt his despair in the final scene. I had that feeling without any effects, Just a simple final scene of Michel behind bars trying to hold Jeanne. Overall, I felt that Bressons interesting techniques are what made his film so unique. His care more for his characters struggles as oppose to his editing effects made the stories that much more real. I look forward to watching additional Bresson films in the future to see if he continues these techniques in all of them.

Theoretical Construct and Issue for Sweden Different Facets of Homogeneous Society and Cultural Hegemony

Sweden is a country with a long history which is now regarded as one of the world’s â€Å"most advanced nations in terms of politics, social welfare, gender equality, standard of living, technology, the arts, and participation in regional and global developments† (Nordstrom 1).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Theoretical Construct and Issue for Sweden: Different Facets of Homogeneous Society and Cultural Hegemony specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This country was also characterized by homogenous population throughout centuries, but increasing immigration which took place in the twentieth century has changed the demographic situation in the country. Nevertheless, Swedish culture and Swedish values are still being promulgated in the country. However, according to Witoszek and Trà ¤gà ¥rdh cultural hegemony in Sweden has led to many issues concerning minorities living in the country (196). In the contemporary globalized world many argue that homogeneity can be the clue to cultural sustainability, but sometimes hegemony of culture can lead to various unexpected outcomes. In this paper I argue that cultural hegemony in Sweden led to such negative outcomes as development of extreme forms of nationalism which threatened democracy in the country and led to numerous acts of violence. Therefore, in the first place, I will touch upon peculiarities of cultural hegemony in Sweden and its origins and then I will consider examples of negative outcomes of cultural hegemony in Sweden. As has been mentioned above Sweden was homogenous for a long time. Swedish homogeneity is the major background for the hegemony of Swedish culture. Admittedly, there were the necessary premises to develop such notion as â€Å"Swedishness† (Grà ¶ndahl 22). Sweden culture is based on such â€Å"typical Swedish values like equality, self-criticism, worship of nature† (Gustavsson 503). It is necessary to add that Swedish homogeneity was also possible due to the impact of religion, since the majority of adult population of the country pertain to Lutheran Church and, thus, share the same values (Berggren 573). More so, Sweden is one of those few countries which were not threatened by external attacks (Hjerm). When considering Swedish cultural homogeneity it is important to mention that the country enjoyed political, social and economical stability throughout centuries since after the rapid development in the times of the industrial revolution the country did not have periods of serious economical crisis.Advertising Looking for research paper on rhetoric? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More However, this favorable tendency was interrupted in the 1990s when Sweden faced serious economic recession (Hjerm). It goes without saying that economic constraints influence cultural development of the country. Admittedly, in combina tion with immigration these economical issues can result in the development of extreme nationalism which is one of possible negative outcomes of cultural hegemony. As far as immigration in Sweden is concerned it is necessary to point out that after World War II â€Å"an influx of refugees and labor immigrants took place† (Grà ¶ndahl 22). There were two other major influxes which took place in 1960s and 1980s. Immigrants who came to Sweden were of Finnish and Kurdish origins (Grà ¶ndahl 22). It is necessary to point out that Swedish always had negative attitude toward immigrants which can be explained by their long-lasting homogeneity. In simple words, these people were not accustomed to multinational environment, so they still divided their society in Swedish and others. A number of surveys prove that statement. Thus, the survey held in 1969 revealed the prevalent negative attitude towards immigrants among â€Å"people with little formal education and among the working cla ss†, and among elderly people (Westin 189). Only young people and people who travelled a lot did not reveal negative attitude towards immigrants. The following survey held in 1981 revealed the same results, but the rate of people who positively viewed immigrants was higher, though the negative attitude prevailed. These findings were explained by the fact that young people â€Å"replaced† elderly people (Westin 189). However, the following surveys held in 1987, 1990, and 1993 revealed that the public opinion changed and the number of people who did not oppose immigration decreased dramatically, instead â€Å"xenophobic and racist attitudes† emerged (Westin 189). It is important to note that this was the period of economic recession which, as has been stated above, plays quite considerable role in shaping cultural development. In such periods people start paying more attention to their cultural heritage promulgating ideas of cherishing the past. Admittedly, cultura l â€Å"revival and mobilization occur when the existence of a community or region is threatened† (Ekman 281). It can be expected that in Sweden this process should be held in terms of their major values concerning democracy, religion and equality.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Theoretical Construct and Issue for Sweden: Different Facets of Homogeneous Society and Cultural Hegemony specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, it is necessary to add that often cultural hegemony can result in the development of such negative subcultures as extreme nationalism. In Sweden where the major values are equality and democracy many young (and elderly) people speak of their ethnic supremacy over immigrants, people who have other origins, i.e. â€Å"others†. This can be explained by the fact that †¦subordinated groups offer resistance to the hegemony of elite culture; they create subaltern popular cultures and contest for a voice in the dominant public sphere. (qtd. in Martin and Nakayama 312) In times when no economical or political constraint occur, the subordinated groups may reveal their protests via music, looks (punk, Goths, etc.). However, when difficult economical conditions influence people’s well-being the protest can acquire extreme forms. Thus, within Swedish culture which promulgates equality, there appear subcultures which promulgate equality among chosen, people of Swedish origin. Therefore, long-lasting cultural hegemony when threatened by appearance of other cultures resulted in numerous cases of violence. Reportedly, the cases of racial violence have increased dramatically during recent years (than 3,000 cases in 2001) (Larsson 4). However, this subculture though has been developing rapidly did not transform into hegemony, and remained within the limits of sub-cultural status. It is possible to get a closer look at the peculiarities of such subcultur es considering the activities of white power movement in Sweden. White power movement is neo-fascist movement which promulgates the supremacy of white race, as opposed to other races and ethnicities (Eyerman 456). White power movement is quite powerful in Sweden. However, to estimate the rate of neo-fascist and extreme nationalistic views it is possible to consider popularity of white power music in the country. Admittedly, those who listen to this music and attend concerts are not necessarily people ready for violent actions, but they are supporters of the sub-culture which promulgates ideas of Swedish supremacy. White power music includes such musical styles as â€Å"country music, folk music, Viking music, black metal or hard-core rock, with some overlap with punk† (Eyerman451). Notably, this subculture has a lot in common with elite culture since it is also based on cultural heritage, i.e. folk songs and music. According to Swedish Council for Crime Prevention Sweden is o ne of the leaders of white power music production worldwide (Eyerman 451). More than 5,000 participants were registered in the recent concert of the white power music.Advertising Looking for research paper on rhetoric? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Interestingly, there are 1,500-2,000 core activists within this movement, and the number of sympathizers can hardly be estimated (Eyerman 451). It is important to note that the majority of core activists are males between 25 and 35 years old. They have households and children. The number of female members gradually increases. Thus, the movement’s core activists are not teenagers who only want to reveal their protest to the power. These are people who have some experience and can critically evaluate situation in the country and shape their outlines. The movement was developed several decades ago and became a significant subculture. The development of technology contributed greatly to the spread of the white power music and ideas. Thus, people could visit an official website and find out about the movement more information, and consequently join the subculture. However, increased number of violent actions implemented by neo-fascist organizations made Swedish government and medi a respond (Eyerman 456). Public opinion was against any violence, even though many shared the same negative attitude towards ethnic minorities. Thus, neo-fascist organizations were declared illegal, so this subculture became marginal and more covert. Interestingly, Eyerman provides an explanation for the fact that this subculture was suppressed by those in power. He states that a commonly recognized aspect of Swedish political culture is the role of organized political parties, in absorbing and institutionalizing political protest. The role and relationship of the parties in other words, are central to any emergent collective action. (Eyerman 457) In terms of Intercultural Communication Theory it is possible to restate the same statement in the following way: cultural hegemony in Sweden did not let neo-fascist subculture develop since the latter used too extreme ways of communicating ideas. Thus, when considering cultural hegemony in Sweden it is possible to observe the peculiarity of cultural hegemony (on the whole) which is often characterized by, so to speak, dualistic nature. On one hand, it leads to creation of various subcultures since people pertaining to the culture can oppose some of its values (in case with Swedish neo-fascist organizations did not support the value of equality). On the other hand, cultural hegemony prevents subcultures from further development because the majority of people (those pertaining to elite culture) long to preserve their values. In conclusion, it is possible to state that cultural hegemony in Sweden had some negative outcomes. Numerous acts of violence committed by activists of neo-fascist organizations which formed a certain subculture threatened the order established in the country. However, it is important to point out that the development of extreme nationalistic sub-cultures took place in the period of economical and political constraints. Admittedly, in the times of flourishing cultural hegemony led to unity of the entire nation. As a result, Swedish culture has preserved its historical heritage due to the cultural hegemony. Therefore, cultural hegemony is favorable for the development of any society. However, it is important to be careful and interrupt the development of dangerous subcultures when it is still possible to diminish their influence. Admittedly, Swedish people only start making their first steps in international communication. The process is lengthy and quite complicated. Nevertheless, Swedish culture which promulgates eternal values will make it possible to complete the process successfully. Works Cited Berggren, Niclas. â€Å"Rhetoric or Reality? An Economic Analysis of the Effect of Religion in Sweden.† Journal of Socio-Economics 26.6 (2002): 571-596. Ekman, Ann-Kristin. â€Å"The Revival of Cultural Celebrations in Regional Sweden. Aspeccts of Tradition and Transition.† Sociologia Ruralis 39.3 (1999): 280-293. Eyerman, Ron. â€Å"Music in Movement: Cultural Pol itics and Old and New Social Movements.† Qualitative Sociology 25.3 (2002): 443-458. Grà ¶ndahl, Satu. â€Å"Identity Politics and Construction of ‘Minor’ Literatures: Multicultural Swedish Literature at the Turn of the Millennium.† Multiethnica 30 (2007): 21-29. Gustavsson, Bengt. â€Å"Human Values in Swedish Management.† Management Communication Quarterly 24.4 (2010): 503-528. Hjerm, Mikael. â€Å"Reconstructing â€Å"Positive† Nationalism: Evidence from Norway and Sweden.† Sociological Research Online 3.2 (1998): n. pag. Web. Larsson, Stieg. â€Å"A Study on Racially Motivated Crime and Violence in Sweden.† National Focal Point of the European Monitoring Centre on Racism and Xenophobia September (2002): 1-46.  Expo.se. Web. Martin, Judith N., and Thomas K. Nakayama. Intercultural Communication in Contexts, 5/e. Mountain View, CA: Mayfield Publishing Company, 2010. Nordstrom, Byron J. The History of Sweden. Westport, CT: Gr eenwood Publishing Group, 2002. Westin, Charles. â€Å"Neo-Nazism in a Welfare State: The Example of Sweden.† Journal of Conflict and Violence Research 2.2 (2000): 184-206. Witoszek, Nina and Lars Trà ¤gà ¥rdh. Culture and Crisis: The Case of Germany and Sweden. New York, NY: Berghahn Books, 2002. This research paper on Theoretical Construct and Issue for Sweden: Different Facets of Homogeneous Society and Cultural Hegemony was written and submitted by user Karlee Parrish to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.